The Really Long List of Great Literature (cont'd)
Ancient • Medieval & Renaissance • 18th & 19th century • 20th century • 21st century
Medieval Literature (401 to 1500 CE)
c.650
Qur'an
by various authors, Arabia
Prose and poetry collection, also known as Koran
c.450–500
The Three Satakas
by Bhartṛhari, India
Poetry collection, also known as The Three Hundred Poems of Moral Values
c.500
The Tale of an Anklet
by Iḷaṅkõ Aṭikaḷ, India
Epic poem
c.700
Beowulf
Epic poem
It wasn't called Beowulf until 1805 and was not printed till 1815, more than a millennium after its appearance in manuscript. But to early Anglo-Saxons, the slaying of the monster Grendel and Grendel's.... Critique • Quotes • Text • Translations • At the movies • Buy
The Táin
Anonymous, Ireland
Epic prose and poetry narrative, also known as The Cattle Raid of Cooley
c.750
Selected Poems
by Li Bai, China
Poetry collection
c.759
Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves
by various authors, Japan
Poetry anthology, also known as Anthology of a Myriad Leaves, originally Man'yōshū
c.799
Epistle on the Singing Girls
by Al-Jahiz, Iraq
Story collection
c.800
The Collected Songs of Cold Mountain
by Hanshan, China
Poetry collection
Book of Misers
by Al-Jahiz, Iraq
Story collection
c.800–1200
Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor
Anonymous, Persia
Story collection
c.800–1400
One Thousand and One Nights
Anonymous, Persia
Story collection, also known as Arabian Nights, includes "Tale of the Fisherman and the Jinni", "The Tale of the Three Apples", "The Barber's Tale of Himself", and others.
c.900
"The Butterfly Lovers"
Anonymous, China
Story
The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
Anonymous, Japan
Novel
977–1010
The Book of Kings
by Ferdowsi, Persia
Epic poem, originally Shahnameh
c.1000
The Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon
by Sei Shonagon, Japan
Diary
c.1000–1300
The Poetic Edda
Anonymous, Iceland
Epic poem
c.1020
The Tale of Genji
Novel
Sometimes The Tale of Genji is called the world's first novel, though it can feel more like the world's first soap opera. To begin with, it never ends. It's very, very long and the plot never comes to a resolution. Various.... Critique • Quotes • Translations • Buy
c.1060
The Sarashina Diary
by Lady Sarashina, Japan
Memoir
c.1100
The Song of Roland
Anonymous, France
Poem, originally La chanson de Roland
Assemblies of Hariri
by al-Hariri of Basra, Iraq
Story collection
Rubaiyat
by Omar Khayyám, Persia
Poetry collection
Mabinogion
Anonymous, Wales
Story collection
c.1100–1250
Volsunga Saga
Anonymous, Iceland
Epic prose narrative, also known as Saga of the Völsungs
c.1125
The Improvement of Human Reason
by Ibn Tufayl, Andalusia
Novel, also known as The Self-Taught Philosopher
c.1140
The Poem of the Cid
Anonymous, Spain
Epic poemm originally El Cantar de mio Cid
c.1145
King Rother
Anonymous, Germany
Epic poem
1177
The Conference of the Birds
by Farid od-Din Attar, Persia
Poem, originally Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr
c.1177–1181
Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart
by Chrétien de Troyes, France
Poem, originally Lancelot, le Chevalier de la Charrette
c.1180
Lais of Marie de France
by Marie de France, England
Poetry collection
1181–1190
Perceval, the Story of the Grail
by Chrétien de Troyes, France
Epic poem
c.1200
Nibelungenlied
Anonymous, Germany
Epic poem, also known as The Song of the Nibelungs, originally Der Nibelunge nôt
The Prose Edda
by Snorri Sturlson, Iceland
Novel
The Tale of Igor's Last Campaign
Anonymous, Kieven Rus'
Epic poem, also known as The Tale of Ihor's Campaign or The Tale of Igor's Last Campaign
c.1200–1210
Parzival
by Wolfram von Eschenbach, Germany
Epic poem
1210
Tristan und Isolde
by Gottfied von Strassburg, Germany
Epic poem
c.1220
The Tale of the Heike
Anonymous, Japan
Epic prose narrative, originally Heike Monogatari
1230
Heimskringla
by Snorri Sturlson, Iceland
Story collection
1230–1275
The Romance of the Rose
by Guillaume de Lorris, Jean de Meun, France
Epic poem, originally Le Roman de la rose
c.1240
Egil's Saga
Anonymous, Iceland
Novel, also known as Egla
c.1250
The Saga of Burnt Njal
Anonymous, Iceland
Epic prose narrative, also known as Njal's Saga
c.1251
Calila and Dimna
Anonymous, Spain
Story collection, originally Calila e Dimna
1257
The Orchard
by Saadi Shirazi, Persia
Poetry collection, originally Bustan
1258
The Garden
by Saadi Shirazi, Persia
Poetry and story collection, also known as The Rose Garden, originally Gulistān or Golestan
1258–1273
Masnavi
by Rumi, Persia
Poem, also known as Mathnawi
c.1280
The Owl and the Nightingale
Anonymous, England
Poem
1294
The New Life
by Alighieri Dante, Italy
Prose and poetry collection
1298–1299
The Travels of Marco Polo
by Rustichello da Pisa, Italy
Nonfiction
c.1300
The Chalk Circle
by Li Qianfu, China
Play
Deeds of the Romans
Anonymous, Unknown
Story collection
c.1300–1400
The Saga of Grettir the Strong
Anonymous, Iceland
Epic prose narrative
1307
The Divine Comedy
by Alighieri Dante, Italy
Epic poem
c.1322
The Glory of the Kings
Anonymous, Ethiopia
Epic prose narrative, also known as The Queen of Sheba and Her Only Son Menyelek, originally Kebra Nagast
1327–1368
Il Canzoniere
by Francesco Petrarch, Italy
Poetry collection, also known as Rerum vulgarium fragmenta or Le Rime Sparse
1330–1332
Essays in Idleness
by Yoshida Kenkō, Japan
Essay collection
1330–1343
The Book of Good Love
by Juan Ruiz, Spain
Long poem
1335
Tales of a Parrot
by Nakhshabi, Persia
Story collection, also known as The Tootinameh
1348
The Decameron
by Giovanni Boccaccio, Italy
Story collection
c.1350
The Divān of Hafez
by Hafez, Persia
Poetry collection
1352
The Triumphs
by Giovanni Boccaccio, Italy
Poem
c.1360–1400
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
by Luo Guanzhong, China
Novel, also known as Wives and Concubines
c.1360–1589
Water Margin
by Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong, China
Novel, also known as Outlaws of the Marsh
1362
The Vision of Piers the Ploughman
by William Langland, England
Poem, also known as Piers Plowman
c.1380
Pearl
Anonymous, England
Poem
c.1382–1386
Troilus and Cressida
by Geoffrey Chaucer, England
Poem
1387
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Anonymous, England
Poem
c.1387–1400
The Canterbury Tales
by Geoffrey Chaucer, England
Prose and poetry collection
c.1400
Atsumori
by Zeami Motokiyo, Japan
Play
Amadís de Gaula
by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, Portugal
Novel
1405
The Book of the City of Ladies
by Christine de Pizan, Italy
Novel
1461
The Great Testament
by François Villon, France
Poetry collection
1483–1495
Orlando Innamorato
by Matteo Maria Boiardo, Italy
Poem
1485
Everyman
Anonymous, England
Play
Le Morte d'Arthur
by Thomas Malory, England
Novel, also known as The Death of Arturo, originally le morte Darthur
1490
Tyrant the White
by Joanot Martorell, Martí Joan de Galba, Spain
Poem
1492
Prison of Love
by Diego de San Pedro, Spain
Novel
1494
Ship of Fools
by Sebastian Brant, Germany
Poetry collection, originally Das Narrenschiff
1499
The Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea
by Fernando de Rojas, Spain
Novel, also known as La Celestina, originally Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea
c.1500
Lilit Phra Lo
Anonymous, Thailand
Poem
The Feather Mantle
Anonymous, Japan
Play
Renaissance Literature (1500 to 1700 CE)
1501
Judita
by Marko Marulić, Croatia
Poem
1516
Utopia
by Thomas More, England
Novella
1516–1532
Orlando Furioso
by Ludovico Ariosto, Italy
Epic poem
1528
The Book of the Courtier
by Baldasarre Castiglione, Italy
Nonfiction
1532
The Prince
by Niccolo Macchiavelli, Italy
Nonfiction
1532–1564
The Life of Gargantua and Pantagruel
by Francois Rabelais, France
Novel series, originally Grands annales tresueritables des gestes merveilleux du grand Gargantua et Pantagruel, includes Pantagruel, Gargantua, The Third Book of Pantagruel, The Fourth Book of Pantagruel, and The Fifth Book of Pantagruel.
1550–1568
Lives of the Artists
by Giorgio Vasari, Italy
Biography, also known as The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
1554
Lazarillo de Tormes
Anonymous, Spain
Novella, also known as The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities or The Guide of Tormes
1558
The Heptaméron
by Marguerite de Navarre, France
Story collection
1569—1589
The Araucaniad
by Alonso Ercilla, Spain
Poem
1572
Franciade
by Pierre de Ronsard, France
Epic poem
The Lusiads
by Luís de Camões, Portugal
Poem, originally Os Lusíadas
1575
Jerusalem Delivered
by Torquato Tasso, Italy
Poem
1578–1591
Poems of Saint John of the Cross
by Saint John of the Cross, Spain
Poetry collection
1580
Essays
by Michel de Montaigne, France
Essay collection
1580–1593
The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia
by Philip Sidney, England
Novel, also known as Arcadia
c.1582
The Siege of Numantia
by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spain
Play
1585
Campaspe
by John Lyly, England
Play
La Galatea
by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spain
Novel
1586
The Spanish Tragedy
by Thomas Kyd, England
Play
1587
Tamburlaine the Great
by Christopher Marlowe, England
Play
1589
The Faerie Queene
by Edmund Spenser, England
Poem
c.1590
The Golden Lotus
by Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng, China
Novel, also known as The Plum in the Golden Vase, originally Jin Ping Mei
c.1590–1599
Satires
by John Donne, England
Poetry collection
Elegies
by John Donne, England
Poetry collection
1591
Astrophel and Stella
by Philip Sidney, England
Poem
c.1591
The Taming of the Shrew
by William Shakespeare, England
Play
1592
Journey to the West
by Wu Cheng'en, China
Novel
Edward II
by Christopher Marlowe, England
Play
It can be difficult to read Edward II today as a Christopher Marlow play. One keeps sliding into thinking of it as minor Shakespeare—you know, all those early plays with kings and numerals in their titles. Partly this is a matter of.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
c.1592
Richard III
by William Shakespeare, England
Play
1594
Doctor Faustus
by Christopher Marlowe, England
Play, also known as The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus
The Unfortunate Traveller
by Thomas Nashe, England
Novel
The Battle of Alcazar
by George Peele, England
Play
A Midsummer Night's Dream
Play
c.1596
Romeo and Juliet
Play
Possibly Shakespeare's best-known play. Everyone knows the story of star-crossed lovers who defied their families—the feuding Capulets and Montagues—and ended their lives tragically. Romeo and Juliet is a play with.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1597
Love's Labour's Lost
Play
c.1597
Henry IV, Part 1
Play
I once read all Shakespeare's historical plays in chronological order. Not in the order he wrote them, but in the order of the historical events they supposedly relate. Like many before me, I discovered that (1) the historical.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
Love's Labour's Lost
Play
The Merchant of Venice
Play
The major issue of contention whenever The Merchant of Venice comes up, of course, is the portrayal of Shylock, the Jewish money-lender, the villain of the piece for the most part. So let's deal with that first. On the side of.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1598
The Peony Pavilion
by Tang Xianzu, China
Play
1599
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
by Christopher, England
Poem
As You Like It
by William Shakespeare, England
Play
Julius Caesar
Play
This play ought to be called Brutus, since the central theme concerns that character's decision to join an assassination conspiracy and the repercussions of his action. The titular figure, Julius Caesar, is dispensed with by the.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
Much Ado About Nothing
Play
1601
Hamlet
Play
Hamlet is such a famous play—so much the great drama, the one that everyone in the world can quote at least six words from—that we usually can't see how strange it is that this should be so. Look at the.... Critique • Quotes • At the movies • Buy
1601–1602
Twelfth Night
Play
1603
A Woman Killed With Kindness
by Thomas Heywood, England
Play
1604
Measure for Measure
Play
Othello
Play
Interesting thing about Othello is that it concerns a man of African heritage who is victimized in a white European society, and yet racism is never the central issue. Othello, the "Moor of Venice", is done in by Iago's.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1604–1605
The Honest Whore
by Thomas Dekker, Thomas Middleton, England
Play
1605
Investiture of the Gods
by Xu Zhonglin, China
Novel, also known as The Creation of the Gods or Tales of the Teahouse Retold, originally Fengshen Yanyi
1605–1615
Don Quixote
Novel
First, get refined ideas of "classic" out of your mind when you approach Don Quixote. For, as with many of the greatest works of prose literature, this is a lively, earthy story of flesh-and-blood people. Sure, the central.... Critique • Quotes • Text • Buy
1606
Volpone
by Ben Jonson, England
Play
c.1606
King Lear
Play
A straightforward play really, about a dysfunctional family. People thinks it's cosmic because of that annoying storm in the middle. That's not my opinion but the summary of Jonathan Miller, given in a television interview.... Critique • Quotes • Text • Buy
Macbeth
Play
Macbeth was actually king of Scotland for seventeen years, though you would never get this from one of Shakespeare's most popular plays. Historians consider Macbeth and his wife to have been relatively good and.... Critique • Quotes • At the movies • Buy
c.1607
Antony and Cleopatra
Play
1609
Sonnets
Poetry collection includes "Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?", "When, in Disgrace with Fortune and Men's Eyes", and others.
Shakespeare's sonnets have been dissected and speculated upon for profound and hidden meanings for years, but I think the best way into them for a novice is to consider them as Shakespeare having good fun—entertaining himself.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1610
The Alchemist
by Ben Jonson, England
Play
1611
The Tempest
Play
A favourite play. Not exactly sure why. It doesn't present many of the elements generally admired in drama. No great tragedy. Not much scintillating wit. Little realism. A fantastic plot and several fantasy characters, which.... Critique • Quotes • Text • Buy
The White Devil
by John Webster, England
Play
1613
Henry VIII
by William Shakespeare, John Fletcher, England
Play
The Duchess of Malfi
by John Webster, England
Play
Solitudes
by Luis de Góngora, Spain
Poem, originally Soledads
1616
Les Tragiques
by Agrippa D'Aubigné, France
Epic poem
1617
The Travails of Persiles and Sigismunda
Novel
1619
Lost in a Mirror
by Lope de Vega, Spain
Play
1622
The Changeling
by Thomas Middleton, William Rowley, England
Poem
1624
Devotions upon Emergent Occasions
by John Donne, England
Prose collection includes "No Man Is an Island".
1626
The Swindler
by Francisco de Queveda, Spain
Novel, also known as History of the Life of the Swindler, Called Don Pablos or Paul the Sharper or The Scavenger, originally Historia de la vida del Buscón, llamado Don Pablos, ejemplo de vagamundos y espejo de tacaños
1631
Punishment Without Revenge
by Lope de Vega, Spain
Play
1633
Holy Sonnets
by John Donne, England
Poetry collection includes "Death Be Not Proud"; "Batter My Heart", "Three-Personed God"; and others.
'Tis Pity She's a Whore
by John Ford, England
Play
Perhaps the most shocking thing about 'Tis Pity She's a Whore is that it still shocks. John Ford's plays were written in a period of increasingly scandalous theatre. After Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
The Temple
by George Herbert, England
Poem
1635
Life Is a Dream
by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spain
Play
1636
Le Cid
by Pierre Corneille, France
Play
The Comic Illusion
by Pierre Corneille, France
Play
1643
The Mayor of Zalamea
by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spain
Play
1648
Hesperides
by Robert Herrick, England
Poetry collection includes To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time; Upon Julia's Clothes; and others
1662
The School for Wives
Play, originally L'école des femmes
1664
Tartuffe
Play
It is hard to understand exactly why Tartuffe was once attacked by religious authorities. Molière's target is the title character who presents a pious outer appearance to hide his scheming for material gain. Shouldn't.... Critique • Quotes • Translations • Buy
1666
The Misanthrope
Play, also known as
The Misanthrope, or the Cantankerous Lover, originally
Le Misanthrope ou l'Atrabilaire amoureux
The Misanthrope reads at first like one of those overheated old Russian novels in which everyone talks and talks, all very excitedly, while the action happens elsewhere. It's certainly Molière's most reflective play.... Critique • Quotes • Translations • Buy
1667
Paradise Lost
by John Milton, England
Poem
Andromaque
by Jean Racine, France
Play
1668
The Miser
by Molière, France
Play
Simplicius Simplicissimus
by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, Germany
Novel, also known as The Adventurous Simplicissimus: Being the Description of the Life of a Strange Vagabond Named Melchoir Sternfels Von Fuchshaim, originally Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus Teutsch
1668–1694
La Fontaine's Fables
by Jean de La Fontaine, France
Poetry collection includes The Fox and the Crow, The Tortoise and the Hare, The Ant and the Grasshopper, and others
1670
The Bourgeois Gentleman
Play also known as
The Would-Be Gentleman,
The Middle-Class Gentleman,
The Tradesman or
The Shopkeeper Turned Gentleman, originally
Le Bourgeois gentilhomme
There's so much to enjoy here, it's surprising this is not Molière's most popular play. After its initial run of twenty performances, it was hardly performed for several centuries until revived in the mid-1900s. And even now... Critique • Quotes • Text • Buy
Bérénice
by Jean Racine, France
Play
1671
Samson Agonistes
by John Milton, England
Poem
1672
The Learned Ladies
by Molière, France
Play
The Life Written by Himself
by Avvakum, Russia
Memoir, also known as The Life of Archpriest Avvakum
1673
"When I Consider How My Light is Spent"
by John Milton, France
Poem, also known as "On His Blindess"
The Imaginary Invalid
by Molière, France
Play
1675
The Country Wife
by William Wycherley, England
Play
Your first go at The Country Wife may leave you mystified. Especially mixed up over all the criss-crossing plots involving characters who can scarcely be told apart. They're all randy, witticism-spouting, wealthy layabouts.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1677
The Rover
by Aphra Behn, England
Play
All for Love
by John Dryden, England
Play
John Dryden's tragedy, All for Love, is basically a retooling of William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. You won't find Shakespeare's Cleopatra drama on the list of greatest plays, as it's not one of the Bard's.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
Phèdre
by Jean Racine, France
Play
1678
The Pilgrim's Progress
by John Bunyan, England
Novel
La Princesse de Clèves
by Madame de La Fayette, France
Novella
1682
The Life of an Amorous Man
by Ihara Saikaku, Japan
Novel
1688
Oroonoko
by Aphra Behn, England
Novella
Aphra Behn's most famous work might disappoint a reader who has heard it's a staunchly anti-slavery, anti-colonialist or feminist work. One may find Oroonoko is none of those things, at least by modern standards.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1691
Athalie
by Jean Racine, France
Play
1692
Dream
by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Mexico
Poem
1697
Tales of Mother Goose
by Charles Perrault, France
Story collection, also known as Stories or Tales from Past Times, originally Histoires ou contes du temps passé: Les Contes de ma Mère l'Oye, includes "Cinderella", "Puss in Boots", "Sleeping Beauty", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Bluebeard", and others.
1699
The Adventures of Telemachus
by François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon, France
Novel
1700
The Way of the World
by William Congreve, England
Play
Ancient • Medieval & Renaissance • 18th & 19th century • 20th century • 21st century