The 222 Greatest Works of Historical Fiction
A surprising number of titles already appearing on The Greatest Literature of All Time list meet the criteria to be considered for this list of the Greatest Historical Fiction. Many other classics of the literary mainstream also fit into this genre.
Equally impressive has been the amount of historical fiction published and acclaimed in recent years. The field is evergreen.
The definition of historical fiction can be somewhat elastic. Everyone agrees it takes place in the past, but how far in the past is debatable. At least sixty years before the time of writing, say some. Thirty years, say others. Sometimes the limit is set at the birth of the author: an historical story can't take place in the writer's lifetime, it has been claimed.
Other questions are disputed: Must the work be historically accurate in details? Can alternative histories be let into the mix? Are supernatural elements allowed? How about time travel narratives?
In creating this list of the greatest-ever historical fiction, we have tried to follow the broadest consensus as well as it could be determined. We have sought to focus on those titles that readers, writers, critics and scholars consider historical fiction.
Latest update: December 7, 2024
c.1020
The Tale of Genji
Novel
Sometimes The Tale of Genji is called the world's first novel, though it can feel more like the world's first soap opera. To begin with, it never ends. It's very, very long and the plot never comes to a resolution. Various.... Critique • Quotes • Translations • Buy
c.1360–1400
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
by Luo Guanzhong, China
Novel, also known as Wives and Concubines
c.1360–1589
Water Margin
by Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong, China
Novel, also known as Outlaws of the Marsh
1592
Journey to the West
by Wu Cheng'en, China
Novel
1594
The Unfortunate Traveller
by Thomas Nashe, England
Novel
1678
La Princesse de Clèves
by Madame de La Fayette, France
Novel
1764
The Castle of Otranto
by Horace Walpole, England
Novella
Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto is one of those "classic" works that is better known for its impact in its time that for its subsequent readability. It's more influential than admired. In fact, any reader today is likely.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1800
Castle Rackrent
by Maria Edgeworth, Ireland
Novella
It's to the credit of Castle Rackrent that it's usually taken to be a novel. By its meagre word count, the text constitutes a novella and—shorn of introduction, footnotes and glossary—barely that. But Maria Edgeworth's.... Critique • Quotes • Text • Buy
1803
Thaddeus of Warsaw
by Jane Porter, England
Novel
1814
Waverley
by Walter Scott, Scotland
Novel
1817
Rob Roy
by Walter Scott, Scotland
Novel
1819
Ivanhoe
by Walter Scott, Scotland
Novel
1826
The Last of the Mohicans
by James Fenimore Cooper, United States
Novel
1827–1842
The Betrothed
by Alessandro Manzoni, Italy
Novel
1828
Rachel Dyer
by John Neal, United States
Novel
1829
The Chouans
by Honoré de Balzac, France
Novel
1831
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
by Victor-Marie Hugo, France
Novel, also known as
Notre-Dame de Paris
Thanks in part to movies based on it, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame calls up images of Gothic horror in the public imagination. The novel is associated with other dark nineteenth-century classics like Frankenstein.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1834
The Last Days of Pompeii
Novel
It starts with an evening not at all dark or stormy, something like an ancient Greek dialogue actually—two friends meeting and discussing their dining plans. But already the signs of bad writing are evident. And it's all.... Critique • Quotes • At the movies • Buy
1836
The Captain's Daughter
by Alexander Pushkin, Russia
Novel
1839
Charterhouse of Parma
by Stendhal, France
Novel
1842
Windsor Castle
by William Harrison Ainsworth, England
Novel
1844
The Luck of Barry Lyndon
by William Makepeace Thackeray, England
Novel, also known as The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq.
The Three Musketeers
by Alexandre Dumas, France
Novel
1844–1846
The Count of Monte-Cristo
by Alexandre Dumas, France
Novel
1845
Twenty Years After
by Alexandre Dumas, France
Novel
1847
The Vicomte of Bragelonne
by Alexandre Dumas, France
Novel
1848
Vanity Fair
by William Makepeace Thackeray, England
Novel
1850
The Scarlet Letter
by Nathaniel Hawthorne, United States
Novel
Everyone knows the general story of The Scarlet Letter as referenced in the title. A young, married woman in an early American colony, Hester Prynne, becomes pregnant from an affair with a man she refuses to name, and.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1855
Westward Ho!
by Charles Kingsley, England
Novel
1858
The Confessions of an Italian
by Ippolito Nievo, Italy
Novel
1859
A Tale of Two Cities
Novel
It's the most political of Charles Dickens's novels, it's the least political—even anti-political—of Dickens's novels in some ways. But its positions on politics, revolution, mob rule, democracy and reformism has tended to.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
The Virginians
by William Makepeace Thackeray, England
Novel
1862
Salammbô
by Gustave Flaubert, France
Novel
Les Misérables
by Victor-Marie Hugo, France
Novel
Les Misérables is one of the few translated books English speakers know by the original title, in part because we are familiar with the name (or its abbreviation Les Miz) from popular film and stage productions. But.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1865–1869
War and Peace
by Leo Tolstoy, Russia
Novel, originally
Voyná i mir
After spending a good part of a summer living in and out of War and Peace, I was dismayed to learn Leo Tolstoy disdained the book in his latter years. The novel, whose title has become shorthand for monumentally.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1866
Hereward the Wake
by Charles Kingsley, England
Novel
1872
Middlemarch
Novel
What's incredible about Middlemarch, George Eliot's masterwork, is how engrossing it is. I mean, this is a novel that deals with issues of art, education reform, scholarly research, medical science and provincial British politics.... Critique • Quotes • Text • Buy
The Trumpet-Major The
Novel
1880
Ben-Hur
by Lew Wallace, United States
Novel
1881
The Prince and the Pauper
by Mark Twain, United States
Novel
It's easy to overlook Mark Twain's bite in The Prince and the Pauper. The social criticism is not as sharp as in some of his later novels, like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn or A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1883
Treasure Island
Novel
No one needs to be told what Treasure Island is about. Robert Louis Stevenson's novel has defined the pirate story, not to mention the treasure-hunting story, the mutiny-on-the-seas story—and.... Critique • Quotes • Text • At the movies • Buy
1885
Marius the Epicurean
by Walter Pater, England
Novel
1886
Kidnapped
Novel
In the article on John Buchan, I called his novels seminal thrillers surpassed by the later best-selling works of intrigue for which they showed the way. Stevenson's Kidnapped takes us back yet another generation.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1891
The Fleeing Mamluk
by Jurji Zaydan, Lebanon
Novel
1892
The Captive of the Mahdi Pretender
by Jurji Zaydan, Lebanon
Novel
1895
The Red Badge of Courage
Novel
It's instructive how much of our literature has to do with warfare. From ancient works like the Iliad, through the epics of medieval slaughter and Shakespeare's historical dramas, to modern novels—bloody conflict has.... Critique • Quotes • Text • At the movies • Buy
1895–1896
Quo Vadis
by Henryk Sienkiewicz, Poland
Novel
1895–1913
Sandokan
by Emilio Salgaari, Italy
Novel
1897
Pharoah
by Bolesław Prus, Poland
Novel
1899
Virgin of Quraish
by Jurji Zaydan, Lebanon
Novel
1900–1901
The Fall of the King
by Johannes V. Jensen, Denmark
Novel series
1901
My Brilliant Career
by Miles Franklin, Australia
Novel
Buddenbrooks
Novel
If we have to pick one aspect that might make Buddenbrooks the first important novel of the twentieth century, it could be its moral ambiguity. The story of the Buddenbrook family is told over four generations.... Critique • Quotes • Translations • Buy
1905
The Scarlet Pimpernel
by Baroness Orczy, England
Novel
1908–1921
The Long Journey
by Johannes V. Jensen, Denmark
Novel
1910
Gora
by Rabindranath Tagore, Bengal
Novel
1911
The Corn King and the Spring Queen
by Naomi Mitchison, Scotland
Novel
1912
Riders of the Purple Sage
by Zane Grey, United States
Novel
1919
The Curse of Capistrano
by Johnston McCulley, United States
Novel, also known as The Mark of Zorro
1920–1922
Kristin Lavransdatter
by Sigrid Undset, Norway
Novel series includes The Wreath, The Wife, The Cross
1921
Scaramouche
by Rafael Sabatini, Italy
Novel
1922
Captain Blood
by Rafael Sabatini, Italy
Novel
1925
Jud Süß
by Lion Feuchtwanger, Germany
Novel
1927
The Devil at the Long Point
by Riccardo Bacchelli, Italy
Novel
Death Comes for the Archbishop
Novel
Death Comes for the Archbishop is often considered Willa Cather's masterpiece and is on several lists as one of the greatest novels of the twentieth century—which may be surprising if you read it alongside other.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
The Bridge of San Luis Rey
by Thornton Wilder, United States
Novel
1929–1943
Peter the Great
by Alexy Tolstoy, Russia
Novel
1930
Destry Rides Again
by Max Brand, United States
Novel
1930–1943
The Man Without Qualities
by Robert Musil, Austria
Novel
1931
The Conqueror
by Georgette Heyer, England
Novel
The Good Earth
by Pearl S. Buck, United States
Novel
Pearl S. Buck has sometimes been accused of stereotyping the Chinese peasants as noble, simple creatures. But this was hardly the reaction to The Good Earth in the early 1930s when it became a sensation in the West and.... Critique • Quotes • At the movies • Buy
1932–1942
Josephus trilogy
by Lion Feuchtwanger, Germany
Novel series
1934
I, Claudius
Novel
Some writers are not really good novelists—don't seem to have the artistic talents to shape words, sentences and paragraphs into conventional novelistic form—and yet can recognize a great story and marshal the.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1936
Jamaica Inn
by Daphne du Maurier, England
Novel
Absalom, Absalom!
by William Faulkner, United States
Novel
Gone With the Wind
by Margaret Mitchell, United States
Novel
1936–1938
The Wind Has Risen
by Tatsuo Hori, Japan
Novel
1937–1967
Horatio Hornblower
by C.S. Forester, England
Novel series
1938
Count Belisarius
by Robert Graves, England
Novel
1938–1940
The Mill on the Po
by Riccardo Bacchelli, Italy
Novel
1941
Owen Glendower
by John Cowper Powys, England
Novel
Ride This Night
by Vilhelm Moberg, Sweden
Novel
1944
Death Comes as the End
by Agatha Christie, England
Novel
1946
King Jesus
by Robert Graves, England
Novel
Return to Ithaca
by Eyvind Johnson, Sweden
Novel
Bridge on the Drina
by Ivo Andrić, Yugoslavia
Novel
1949
The Kingdom of This World
by Alejo Carpentier, Cuba
Novel
1949–1959
The Emigrants
by Vilhelm Moberg, Sweden
Novel series
1950
Barabbas
by Pär Lagerkvist, Sweden
Novel
1951
Memoirs of Hadrian
by Marguerite Yourcenar, Belgium
Novel
Porius
by John Cowper Powys, England
Novel
Spartacus
by Howard Fast, United States
Novel
1955
The Inheritors
by William Golding, England
Novel
Raquel: The Jewess of Toledo
by Lion Feuchtwanger, Germany
Novel
Metello
by Vasco Pratolini, Italy
Novel
1956–1957
The Cairo Trilogy
by Naguib Mahfouz, Egypt
Novel series
1957
Doctor Zhivago
by Boris Pasternak, Russia
Novel
1958
The Leopard
by Giusseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Italy
Novel
Things Fall Apart
by Chinua Achebe, Nigeria
Novel
1960
City of My Dreams
by Pers Ansers Fogelström, Sweden
Novel
1962
The Death of Artemio Cruz
by Carlos Fuentes, Mexico
Novel
1963
The Heritage of the Prioress
by Carlo Alianello, Italy
Novel
1964
Time of Parting
by Anton Donchev, Bulgaria
Novel
The Good Hope
by William Heinesen, Faroe Islands
Novel
The Spire
by William Golding, England
Novel
The Lightning of August
by Jorge Ibargüengoitia, Mexico
Novel
Arrow of God
by Chinua Achebe, Nigeria
Novel
1965–1989
Lord Ramage series
by Dudley Pope, England
Novel series
1966
Silence
by Shūsaku Endō, Japan
Novel
1967
One Hundred Years of Solitude
by Gabriel García Márquez, Colombia
Novel, originally Cien años de soledad
The Confessions of Nat Turner
by William Styron, United States
Novel
1968
True Grit
by Charles Portis, United States
Novel
1969
The French Lieutenant's Woman
by John Fowles, England
Novel
Sometimes it seems the English-speaking world spent the entire twentieth century trying to shake off the repressions of the Victorian era. The rebellious 1960s, for example, may have prided themselves on rejecting.... Critique • Quotes • At the movies • Buy
1969–1999
Aubrey–Maturin series
by Patrick O'Brian, England
Novel series includes Master and Commander, Post Captain, HMS Surprise, The Mauritius Command, Desolation Island, and others
1970
Troubles
by J.G. Farrell, England
Novel
1971
The Scorpion God
by William Golding, England
Novel
The Egyptian
by Mika Waltari, Finland
Novel
August 1914
by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russia
Novel
1973
The Siege of Krishnapur
by J.G. Farrell, England
Novel
Burr
by Gore Vidal, United States
Novel
1974
I, the Supreme
by Augusto Roa Bastos, Paraguay
Novel
1975
Shōgun
by James Clavell, Australia
Novel
The Autumn of the Patriarch
by Gabriel García Márquez, Colombia
Novel
Terra Nostra
by Carlos Fuentes, Mexico
Novel
Ragtime
by E.L. Doctorow, United States
Novel
1975–2011
The Bolitho Novels
by Alexander Kent, England
Novel series
1976
Roots
by Alex Haley, United States
Novel
1977–1994
Cadfael Chronicles
by Ellis Peters, England
Novel series
1978
The Far Pavilions
by M.M. Kaye, England
Novel series
1980
The Name of the Rose
by Umberto Eco, Italy
Novel, originally Il nome della rosa
The Clan of the Cave Bear
by Jean M. Auel, United States
Novel
1980–1989
To the Ends of the Earth
by William Golding, England
Novel series
1981
Midnight's Children
by Salman Rushdie, India
Novel
The War of the End of the World
by Mario Vargas Llosa, Peru
Novel, originally La guerra del fin del mundo
1982
Schindler's Ark
by Thomas Keneally, Australia
Novel, also known as Schindler's List
The House of the Spirits
by Isabel Allende, Chile
Novel, originallyLa casa de los espíritus
An Ice-Cream War
by William Boyd, Scotland
Novel
The Color Purple
by Alice Walker, United States
Novel
1984
The Evil Coming North
by Fulvio Tomizza, Italy
Novel
1985
The Black Robe
by Brian Moore, Canada
Novel
1985
Perfume: The Story of a Murderer
by Patrick Suskind, Germany
Novel, originally Das Parfum
The Old Gringo
by Carlos Fuentes, Mexico
Novel
Lonesome Dove
by Larry McMurtry, United States
Novel
1987
In the Skin of a Lion
by Michael Ondaatje, Canada
Novel
News From the Empire
by Fernando del Paso, Mexico
Novel
Beloved
by Toni Morrison, United States
Novel
1988
Oscar and Lucinda
by Peter Carey, Australia
Novel
1989
The Pillars of the Earth
by Ken Follett, England
Novel
The Remains of the Day
by Kazuo Ishiguro, England
Novel
1990
The Silent Duchess
by Dacia Maraini , Italy
Novel
The Chimera
by Sebastiano Vassalli, Italy
Novel
1991–1995
The Regeneration Trilogy
by Pat Barker, England
Novel trilogy includes
Regeneration,
The Eye in the Door, and
The Ghost Road.
It may seem odd an acclaimed series of novels near the end of the twentieth century should feature characters from the period of the First World War. Or that issues from that war time should continue to resonate with.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
1991–
Outlander
by Diana Gabaldon, United States
Novel series
1992
The English Patient
by Michael Ondaatje, Canada
Novel
1993
A Dead Man in Deptford
by Anthony Burgess, England
Novel
Birdsong
by Sebastian Faulks, England
Novel
1995
The Blue Flower
by Penelope Fitzgerald, England
Novel
The Preston Brewer
by Andrea Camilleri, Italy
Novel
1995–1997
The Warlord Chronicles
by Bernard Cornwell, United States
Novel series includes The Winter King, Enemy of God, Excalibur
1996
Alias Grace
Novel
Alias Grace may be Margaret Atwood's best novel. It may not be her most popular (guessing that's The Handmaid's Tale). Nor her most complex or elaborate (probably The Blind Assassin). Nor her most impressive.... Critique • Quotes • At the movies • Buy
1997
The God of Small Things
by Arundhati Roy, India
Novel
Cold Mountain
by Charles Frazier, United States
Novel
The Memoirs of Cleopatra
by Margaret George, United States
Novel
Memoirs of a Geisha
by Arthur Golden, United States
Novel
Mason and Dixon
by Thomas Pynchon, United States
Novel
The Red Tent
by Anita Diamant, United States
Novel
1998
Colony of Unrequited Dreams
by Wayne Johnston, Canada
Novel
The Poisonwood Bible
by Barbara Kingsolver, United States
Novel
My Name Is Red
by Orhan Pamuk, Turkey
Novel, originally Benim Adim Kirmizi
1999
Girl With a Pearl Earring
by Tracy Chevalier, England
Novel
Years With Laura Diaz
by Carlos Fuentes, Mexico
Novel
2000
True History of the Kelly Gang
by Peter Carey, Australia
Novel
The Blind Assassin
Novel
Let's see. Margaret Atwood writes her prize-winning novel The Blind Assassin about an elderly woman writing her memoirs about her sisters, one of whom has written a novel called The Blind Assassin, which recounts her trysts.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
2001
Atonement
by Ian McEwan, England
Novel
It's hard not to think "classic" as you're reading Atonement. Especially in the first half with its scenes of country estate life, reminiscent of Jane Austen or the Brontë novels, as experienced through the perspective of.... Critique • Quotes • At the movies • Buy
The Other Boleyn Girl
by Philippa Gregory, England
Novel
2002
The Last Crossing
by Guy Vanderhaege, Canada
Novel
The Last Legion
by Valerio Manfredi, Italy
Novel
Mary, called Magdaline
by Margaret George, United States
Novel
Twentieth Wife
by Indu Sundaresan, United States
Novel
Fingersmith
by Sarah Waters, Wales
Novel
2003
Property
by Valerie Martin, United States
Novel
2003–2004
The Baroque Cycle
by Neal Stephenson, United States
Novel series
2003–2013
Emperor
by Conn Iggulden, England
Novel series
2004
The Plot Against America
by Philip Roth, United States
Novel
The News From Paraguay
by Lily Tuck, United States
Novel
2005
March
by Geraldine Brooks, Australia
Novel
The Book Thief
by Markus Zusak, Australia
Novel
Three Day Road
by Joseph Boyden, Canada
Novel
Joseph Boyden's debut novel, Three Day Road, was a revelation for many when it was published to acclaim in 2005. It was a revelation in the first place, of course, for depicting in such exacting and grisly detail the story.... Critique • Quotes • Buy
Measuring the World
by Daniel Kehlmann, Germany
Novel
A Long Long Way
by Sebastian Barry , Ireland
Novel
The March
by E.L. Doctorow, United States
Novel
Snow Flower and the Secret Fan
by Lisa See, United States
Novel
The Historian
by Elizabeth Kostova, United States
Novel
2006
Inés of My Soul
by Isabel Allende, Chile
Novel
Half of a Yellow Sun
by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Nigeria
Novel
The Night Watch
by Sarah Waters, Wales
Novel
2006–2015
Cicero Trilogy
by Robert Harris, England
Novel
2007
The Book of Negroes
by Lawrence Hill, Canada
Novel, also known as Someone Knows My Name
A Thousand Splendid Suns
by Khaled Hosseini, United States
Novel
The Castle in the Forest
by Norman Mailer, United States
Novel
2007–2011
Conqueror
by Conn Iggulden, England
Novel series
2007–2017
The Adventures of Hector Lynch
by Tim Severin, England
Novel series
2009
Wolf Hall
by Hilary Mantel, England
Novel
Brooklyn
by Colm Tóibín, Ireland
Novel
2010
The Long Song
by Andrea Levyl, England
Novel
2011
The Sisters Brothers
by Patrick deWitt, Canada
Novel
Half-Blood Blues
by Esi Edugyan, Canada
Novel
My Brilliant Friend
by Elena Ferrante, Italy
Novel, originally L'amica geniale
The Buddha in the Attic
by Julie Otsuka, United States
Novel
2012
Arthur & George
by Julian Barnes, England
Novel
Bring Up the Bodies
by Hilary Mantel, England
Novel
The Twelve Rooms of the Nile
by Enid Shomer, United States
Novel
2013
The Orenda
by Joseph Boyden, Canada
Novel
The Luminaries
by Eleanor Catton, New Zealand
Novel
2014
The Books of Jacob
by Olga Tokarczuk, Poland
Novel
All the Light We Cannot See
by Anthony Doerr, United States
Novel
2015
The Nightingale
by Kristin Hannah, United States
Novel
2016
Days Without End
by Sebastian Barry, Ireland
Novel
The Underground Railroad
by Colson Whitehead, United States
Novel
2017
Pachinko
by Min Jin Lee, United States
Novel
Lincoln in the Bardo
by George Saunders, United States
Novel