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The 77 Greatest Works of South Asian Literature

This list comprises the greatest literature from the area once called the "Indian subcontinent" but is now more properly referred to as South Asia. This includes the countries of India, Pakistan, Bengali, Sri Lanka and several others that have existed historically.

For the South Asian list we have tried to cover all possible genres, cultures and periods of literature from the area, based on the same extensive research and surveys carried out for our Greatest Literature of All Time—with special attention paid to the views of South Asian readers, writers, critics and scholars.

Sometimes it is difficult to decide which works are to be considered "South Asian", as authors who started their careers in the area sometimes moved to and worked in other parts of the world. To help find consensus on this question, we consider writers' origins, their current nationalities, where they wrote, where they published, and what they wrote about. In the end though, a judgment call often has to be made and not everyone is going to agree with every tough call we've had to make.

One more caveat: although we think this is a good beginning for a list of the greatest works from South Asia, we suspect it is too short and we expect it to grow with our ongoing research. Check back for updates.

Latest update: July 12, 2023

c.600–200 CE
Ramayana
by Valmiki, India, long poem
c.400 BCE–400 CE
Mahābhārata
by Vyasa, India, long poem
c.200–300 BCE
Panchatantra (Five Treatises)
by Anonymous, India
Story collection
c.300
The Vision of Vasavadatta
by Bhasa, India
Play
c.400
The Recognition of Shakuntala
by Kālidāsa, India
Play
c.450
Mahāvaṃsa
by Anonymous, Sri Lanka, long poem
450–500
The Three Satakas
by Bhartṛhari, India
Poetry collection
c.500
The Tale of an Anklet
by Iḷaṅkõ Aṭikaḷ, India, long poem
c.1000
Twenty-five Tales of Baital
ed. Somadeva, India
Story collection
1866
Kapalkundala
by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Bengal
Novel
1873
Bishabriksha
by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Bengal
Novel
1882
Anandamath
by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Bengal
Novel
 
The Fruitseller from Kabul
by Rabindranath Tagore, Bengal
Story
1899
Umrao Jaan Ada
by Mirza Hadi Ruswa, India
Novel
1901
The Broken Nest
by Rabindranath Tagore, Bengal
Novella
1910
Gora
by Rabindranath Tagore, Bengal
Novel
1912
The Post Office
by Rabindranath Tagore, Bengal
Play
 
Song Offerings
by Rabindranath Tagore, Bengal
Poetry collection
1914–1917
Bunch of Stories
by Rabindranath Tagore, Bengal
Story collection
1916
The Home and the World
by Rabindranath Tagore, Bengal
Novel
1922
Anarkali
by Imtiaz Ali Taj, India
Play
1935
Untouchable
by Mulk Raj Anand, India
Novel
 
Swami and Friends
by R.K. Narayan, India
Novel
1943
The Crooked Line
by Ismat Chugtai, India
Novel
 
Mulgadi Days
by R.K. Narayan, India
Story collection
1950
The Skeleton
by Amrita Pritam, India
Story collection
1951
The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian
by Nirad C. Chaudhuri, India
Memoir
1952
The Financial Expert
by R.K. Narayan, India
Novel
1953
The Private Life of an Indian Prince
by Mulk Raj Anand, India
Novel
1954
Nectar in a Sieve
by Kamala Markandaya, India
Novel
1955
Waiting for the Mahatma
by R.K. Narayan, India
Novel
1956
Train to Pakistan
by Khushwant Singh, India
Novel
1958
The Guide
by R.K. Narayan, India
Novel
1959
River of Fire
by Qurratulain Hyder, India
Novel
1963
Best Stories of Manto
by Sadaat Hasan Manto, Pakistan
Story collection
1965
Pterodactyl, Puran Shay, and Pirtha
by Mahasweta Devi, Bangladesh
Novella
1966
The English Teacher
by R.K. Narayan, India
Novel
1967
The Vendor of Sweets
by R.K. Narayan, India
Novel
1974
Crooked Line
by Ismat Chughtai, India
Novel
1977
Phaniyamma
by M.K. Indira, India
Novella
1980
Clear Light of Day
by Anita Desai, India
Novel
1981
Midnight's Children
by Salman Rushdie, India
Novel
1983
Shame
by Salman Rushdie, India
Novel
1984
In Custody
by Anita Desai, India
Novel
1985
Rich Like Us
by Nayantara Saghal, India
Novel
1986
The Golden Gate
by Vikram Seth, India
Novel
1988
Baumgartner's Bombay
by Anita Desai, India
Novel
 
The Shadow Lines
by Amitav Ghosh, India
Novel
 
The Satanic Verses
by Salman Rushdie, India
Novel
 
Ice Candy Man
by Bapsi Sidhwa, Pakistan
Novel
1989
The Great Indian Novel
by Shashi Tharoor, India
Novel
1990
Haroun and the Sea of Stories
by Salman Rushdie, India
Novel
1992
Vardi Wala Gunda
by Ved Prakash Sharma, India
Novel
 
The Triple Mirror of the Self
by Zulfikar Ghose, Pakistan
Novel
1993
The Jam Fruit Tree
by Carl Muller, Sri Lanka
Novel
 
A Suitable Boy
by Vikram Seth, India
Novel
1994
The Amulet
by Punyakante Wijenaike, Sri Lanka
Novel
1996
Quilt and Other Stories
by Ismat Chugtai, India
Story collection
1997
The God of Small Things
by Arundhati Roy, India
Novel
1999
Feasting, Fasting
by Anita Desai, India
Novel
2003
The Road From Elephant Pass
by Nihal De Silva, Sri Lanka
Novel
2004
The Last Song of Dusk
by Siddharth Shangvi, India
Novel
2005
The Collector's Wife
by Mitra Phukan, India
Novel
2006
The Inheritance of Loss
by Kiran Desai, India
Novella
2007
The Reluctant Fundamentalist
by Mohsin Hamid, Pakistan
Novel
 
Dara Shikoh
by Danish Iqbal, India
Play
2008
The White Tiger
by Aravind Adiga, India
Novel
 
Sea of Poppies
by Amitav Ghosh, India
Novel
2009
2 States: The Story of My Marriage
by Chetan Bhagat, India
Novel
 
Three Plays
by Utpal Dutt, India, Plays
2010
Chinaman: The Legend of Pradeep Mathew
by Shehan Karunatilaka, Sri Lanka
Novel
2013
Chronicle of a Corpse Bearer
by Cyurus Mistry, India
Novel
2015
Devourers,The
by Indra Das, India
Novel
 
Ghachar Ghochar
by Vivek Shanbhag, India
Novella
2017
Exit West
by Mohsin Hamid, Pakistan
Novel
 
Home Fire
by Kamila Shamsie, Pakistan
Novel
2018
Tomb of Sand
by Geetanjali Shree, India
Novel
2022
The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida
by Shehan Karunatilaka, Sri Lanka
Novel

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