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The 222 Greatest Plays

Are plays literature? Almost all have been created to be viewed, enjoyed as theatrical presentations, rather than to be read. But most have also been published in books like other forms of literature. They are studied as literature in educational institutions.

This selection of works is based on the continuing research carried out for the Greatest Literature of All Time list with additional research into sources concerning plays.

Every effort has been made to include the significant dramas from all cultures and periods—from ancient times to recent years.

Latest update: September 10, 2024

BCE
472
 
The Persians
by Aeschylus, Greece
Play
458
 
Agamemnon
by Aeschylus, Greece
Play
 
 
The Eumenides
by Aeschylus, Greece
Play
 
 
The Oresteia
by Aeschylus, Greece
Play series includes Agamemnon, The Eumenides, and The Libation Bearers.
c.450–425
 
Prometheus Bound
by Aeschylus, Greece
Play
442–441
 
Ajax
by Sophocles, Greece
Play
 
missing graphic
Antigone
by Sophocles, Greece
Play

It's the concluding instalment of Sophocles's so-called Theban trilogy about the tragedy of Oedipus and its ramifications. But Antigone was actually the first written and produced—more than a decade before the supposed.... CritiqueQuotesTextBuy

431
 
Medea
by Euripides, Greece
Play
429
missing graphic
Oedipus Rex
by Sophocles, Greece
Play, also known as Oedipus, Oedipus Tyrannus, or Oedipus the King

For a modern reader, the ancient drama of Oedipus Rex can be startlingly accessible. There is little of the struggle through the language that one experiences with even more recent plays, such as Shakespeare's.... CritiqueQuotesTextBuy

428
 
Hippolytus
by Euripides, Greece
Play
c.428
 
Andromache
by Euripides, Greece
Play
423
 
The Clouds
by Aristophanes, Greece
Play
422
 
The Wasps
by Aristophanes, Greece
Play
c.420–410
 
Electra
by Sophocles, Greece
Play
418
 
Electra
by Euripides, Greece
Play
415
 
The Trojan Women
by Euripides, Greece
Play
414
 
The Birds
by Aristophanes, Greece
Play
412
 
Helen
by Euripides, Greece
Play
411
 
Lysistrata
by Aristophanes, Greece
Play
405
 
The Frogs
by Aristophanes, Greece
Play
406
 
The Bacchae
by Euripides, Greece
Play
401
 
Oedipus at Colonus
by Sophocles, Greece
Play
c.200
 
The Twin Brothers
by Plautus, Rome
Play, also known as The Brothers Menaechmus
 
 
Miles Gloriosus
by Plautus, Rome
Play, also known as The Braggart Soldier
166
 
Andria
by Terence, Rome
Play, also known as The Girl from Andros
161
 
Eunuchus
by Terence, Rome
Play
CE
c.300
 
The Vision of Vasavadatta
by Bhasa, India
Play
c.400
 
The Recognition of Sakuntala
by Kalidasa, India
Play

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c.1300
 
The Chalk Circle
by Li Qianfu, China
Play
c.1400
 
Atsumori
by Zeami Motokiyo, Japan
Play
c.1500
 
The Feather Mantle
Anonymous, Japan
Play
1584
 
Sapho and Phao
by John Lyly, England
Play
 
 
Campaspe
by John Lyly, England
Play
1586
 
The Spanish Tragedy
by Thomas Kyd, England
Play
1587
 
Tamburlaine the Great
by Christopher Marlowe, England
Play
c.1591
 
The Battle of Alcazar
by George Peele, England
Play
 
 
The Taming of the Shrew
Play
1592
missing graphic
Edward II
by Christopher Marlowe, England
Play

It can be difficult to read Edward II today as a Christopher Marlow play. One keeps sliding into thinking of it as minor Shakespeare—you know, all those early plays with kings and numerals in their titles. Partly this is a matter of.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

c.1592
 
Richard III
Play
1594
 
Doctor Faustus
by Christopher Marlowe, England
Play, also known as The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus
 
 
A Midsummer Night's Dream
Play
c.1595
 
Richard II
Play
c.1596
missing graphic
Romeo and Juliet
Play

Possibly Shakespeare's best-known play. Everyone knows the story of star-crossed lovers who defied their families—the feuding Capulets and Montagues—and ended their lives tragically. Romeo and Juliet is a play with.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1597
 
Love's Labour's Lost
Play
c.1597
missing graphic
Henry IV, Part 1
Play

I once read all Shakespeare's historical plays in chronological order. Not in the order he wrote them, but in the order of the historical events they supposedly relate. Like many before me, I discovered that (1) the historical.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

 
 
Henry IV, Part 2
Play
 
missing graphic
The Merchant of Venice
Play

The major issue of contention whenever The Merchant of Venice comes up, of course, is the portrayal of Shylock, the Jewish money-lender, the villain of the piece for the most part. So let's deal with that first. On the side of.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1598
 
The Peony Pavilion
by Tang Xianzu, China
Play
1598–1599
 
Much Ado About Nothing
Play
1599
 
As You Like It
Play
 
 
Henry V
Play
 
missing graphic
Julius Caesar
Play

This play ought to be called Brutus, since the central theme concerns that character's decision to join an assassination conspiracy and the repercussions of his action. The titular figure, Julius Caesar, is dispensed with by the.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1601
missing graphic
Hamlet
Play

Hamlet is such a famous play—so much the great drama, the one that everyone in the world can quote at least six words from—that we usually can't see how strange it is that this should be so. Look at the.... CritiqueQuotesAt the moviesBuy

1601–1602
 
Twelfth Night
Play
1604
 
Measure for Measure
Play
 
missing graphic
Othello
Play

Interesting thing about Othello is that it concerns a man of African heritage who is victimized in a white European society, and yet racism is never the central issue. Othello, the "Moor of Venice", is done in by Iago's.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1606
 
Volpone
by Ben Jonson, England
Play
c.1606
missing graphic
King Lear
Play

A straightforward play really, about a dysfunctional family. People thinks it's cosmic because of that annoying storm in the middle. That's not my opinion but the summary of Jonathan Miller, given in a television interview.... CritiqueQuotesTextBuy

 
missing graphic
Macbeth
Play

Macbeth was actually king of Scotland for seventeen years, though you would never get this from one of Shakespeare's most popular plays. Historians consider Macbeth and his wife to have been relatively good and.... CritiqueQuotesAt the moviesBuy

c.1608
 
Coriolanus
Play
1610
 
The Alchemist
by Ben Jonson, England
Play
1611
 
The Winter's Tale
Play
 
missing graphic
The Tempest
Play

A favourite play. Not exactly sure why. It doesn't present many of the elements generally admired in drama. No great tragedy. Not much scintillating wit. Little realism. A fantastic plot and several fantasy characters, which.... CritiqueQuotesTextBuy

1613
 
Henry VIII
by William Shakespeare, John Fletcher, England
Play
 
 
The Duchess of Malfi
by John Webster, England
Play
1619
 
Lost in a Mirror
by Lope de Vega, Spain
Play
1622
 
The Changeling
by Thomas Middleton, William Rowley, England
Play
1631
 
Punishment Without Revenge
by Lope de Vega, Spain
Play
1633
missing graphic
'Tis Pity She's a Whore
by John Ford, England
Play

Perhaps the most shocking thing about 'Tis Pity She's a Whore is that it still shocks. John Ford's plays were written in a period of increasingly scandalous theatre. After Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1635
 
Life Is a Dream
by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spain
Play
1636
 
Le Cid
by Pierre Corneille, France
Play
1643
 
The Mayor of Zalamea
by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spain
Play
1662
 
The School for Wives
by Molière, France
Play
1664
missing graphic
Tartuffe
by Molière, France
Play

It is hard to understand exactly why Tartuffe was once attacked by religious authorities. Molière's target is the title character who presents a pious outer appearance to hide his scheming for material gain. Shouldn't.... CritiqueQuotesTranslationsBuy

1666
missing graphic
The Misanthrope
by Molière, France
Play

The Misanthrope reads at first like one of those overheated old Russian novels in which everyone talks and talks, all very excitedly, while the action happens elsewhere. It's certainly Molière's most reflective play.... CritiqueQuotesTranslationsBuy

1667
 
Andromaque
by Jean Racine, France
Play
1668
 
The Miser
by Molière, France
Play
1670
 
Bérénice
by Jean Racine, France
Play
 
missing graphic
The Bourgeois Gentleman
by Molière, France
Play also known as The Would-Be Gentleman, The Middle-Class Gentleman, The Tradesman or The Shopkeeper Turned Gentleman

There's so much to enjoy here, it's surprising this is not Molière's most popular play. After its initial run of twenty performances, it was hardly performed for several centuries until revived in the mid-1900s. And even now... CritiqueQuotesTextBuy

1673
 
The Imaginary Invalid
by Molière, France
Play
1675
missing graphic
The Country Wife
by William Wycherley, England
Play

Your first go at The Country Wife may leave you mystified. Especially mixed up over all the criss-crossing plots involving characters who can scarcely be told apart. They're all randy, witticism-spouting, wealthy layabouts.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1677
 
The Rover
by Aphra Behn, England
Play
 
missing graphic
All for Love
by John Dryden, England
Play

John Dryden's tragedy, All for Love, is basically a retooling of William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. You won't find Shakespeare's Cleopatra drama on the list of greatest plays, as it's not one of the Bard's.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

 
 
Phèdre
by Jean Racine, France
Play
1691
 
Athalie
by Jean Racine, France
Play
1700
 
The Way of the World
by William Congreve, England
Play

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1721
 
The Love Suicides at Amijima
by Chikamatsu Monzaemon, Japan
Play
1728
 
The Beggar's Opera
by John Gay, England
Play
1730
 
The Game of Love and Chance
by Marivaux, France
Play
1753
 
The Mistress of the Inn
by Carlo Goldoni, Italy
Play
1767
 
Minna von Barnhelm or the Soldiers' Happiness
by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Germany
Play
1773
missing graphic
She Stoops to Conquer
by Oliver Goldsmith, England
Play

Two things keep me from dismissing the drama She Stoops to Conquer as severely overrated. One: I don't recall seeing it performed. Live on stage it may be hilarious for all I know. And two: if it's overrated, it's been long.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1775
 
The Rivals
by Richard Sheridan, England
Play
1777
 
The School for Scandal
by Richard Sheridan, England
Play
1779
 
Nathan the Wise
by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Germany
Play
1784
 
The Marriage of Figaro
by Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, France
Play
1785
 
The Task
by William Cowper, England
Play
1787
 
Don Carlos
by Friedrich Schiller, Germany
Play
1798
 
Speed the Plough
by Thomas Morton, England
Play
1800
 
Mary Stuart
by Friedrich Schiller, Germany
Play
1808–1832
 
Faust
by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Germany
Play

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1821
 
The Prince of Homburg
by Heinrich von Kleist, Germany
Play, also known as Prince Friedrich of Homburg
1825
 
Woe From Wit
by Alexander Griboyedov, Russia
Play
1831
 
Queen Margot
by Alexandre Dumas, France
Play
 
 
Boris Godunov
by Alexander Pushkin, Russia
Poem
1835
 
Chatterton
by Alfred de Vigny, France
Play
1836
 
The Government Inspector
by Nicolai Gogol, Ukraine
Play, also known as The Inspector General
1852
 
The Lady of the Camellias
by Alexandre Dumas, fils, France
Novel, also known as Camille
1860
 
The Storm
by Alexander Ostrovsky, Russia
Play
1867
 
Peer Gynt
by Henrik Ibsen, Norway
Play
1879
 
Woyzeck
by Georg Büchner, Germany
Play
 
 
A Doll's House
by Henrik Ibsen, Norway
Play
1882
 
An Enemy of the People
by Henrik Ibsen, Norway
Play
1884
 
The Wild Duck
by Henrik Ibsen, Norway
Play
1887
 
The Father
by August Strindberg, Sweden
Play
1889
 
Miss Julie
by August Strindberg, Sweden
Play
1891
 
Hedda Gabler
by Henrik Ibsen, Norway
Play
1892
 
Lady Windermere's Fan
by Oscar Wilde, Ireland
Play
1893
 
The Master Builder
by Henrik Ibsen, Norway
Play
1894
 
Arms and the Man
by George Bernard Shaw, Ireland
Play
1895
 
An Ideal Husband
by Oscar Wilde, Ireland
Play
 
 
The Importance of Being Earnest
by Oscar Wilde, Ireland
Play
1896
 
The Seagull
by Anton Chekhov, Russia
Play
1898
 
Cyrano de Bergerac
by Edmond Rostand, France
Play
 
 
Candida
by George Bernard Shaw, Ireland
Play
1900
 
Uncle Vanya
by Anton Chekhov, Russia
Play

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1901
 
Three Sisters
by Anton Chekhov, Russia
Play
1902
 
The Lower Depths
by Maxim Gorky, Russia
Play
 
 
The Power of Darkness
by Leo Tolstoy, Russia
Play
1903
 
The Cherry Orchard
by Anton Chekhov, Russia
Play
 
 
Man and Superman
by George Bernard Shaw, Ireland
Play
1904
 
Riders to the Sea
by John Millington Synge, Ireland
Play
 
 
Peter Pan
by J.M. Barrie, Scotland
Play
1905
 
Major Barbara
by George Bernard Shaw, Ireland
Play
 
 
Summerfolk
by Maxim Gorky, Russia
Play
1906
 
Spring Awakening
by Frank Wedekind, Germany
Play
1907
 
The Playboy of the Western World
by John Millington Synge, Ireland
Play
1916
 
Pygmalion
by George Bernard Shaw, Ireland
Play
1920
 
R.U.R.
by Karel Čapek, Czechia
Play
 
 
Bohemian Nights
by Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Spain
Play
1921
 
Six Characters in Search of an Author
by Luigi Pirandello, Italy
Play
1922
 
Henry IV
by Luigi Pirandello, Italy
Play
1923
 
Saint Joan
by George Bernard Shaw, Ireland
Play
1924
 
The Vortex
by Noel Coward, England
Play
 
 
Juno and the Paycock
by Sean O'Casey, Ireland
Play
1926
 
The Plough and the Stars
by Sean O'Casey, Ireland
Play
1927
 
Sunset
by Isaac Babel, Russia
Novel
1928
 
The Three-Penny Opera
by Bertolt Brecht, Germany
Play
 
 
Machinal
by Sophie Treadwell, United States
Play
1930
 
Private Lives
by Noel Coward, England
Play
1931
 
Mourning Becomes Electra
by Eugene O'Neill, United States
Play
1933
 
Blood Wedding
by Federico Garcia Lorca, Spain
Play
1934
 
The Children's Hour
by Lillian Hellman, United States
Play
1935
 
Awake and Sing!
by Clifford Odets, United States
Play
1938
missing graphic
Our Town
by Thornton Wilder, United States
Play

On the early covers of Thornton Wilder's play, Our Town, a small community is shown perched on the side of a lofty hill or mountain, giving the illustration a kind of aspirational feeling. What isn't immediately clear.... CritiqueQuotesAt the moviesBuy

1939
missing graphic
The Little Foxes
by Lillian Hellman, United States
Play

What may be most surprising about Lillian Hellman's play The Little Foxes is it's such an absorbing piece of drama despite being about a business deal. The Hubbard siblings—brothers Oscar and Ben and sister Regina.... CritiqueQuotesAt the moviesBuy

 
 
Arsenic and Old Lace
by Joseph Kesselring, United States
Play
1941
 
Blithe Spirit
by Noel Coward, England
Play
 
 
The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui
by Bertolt Brecht, Germany
Play
1943
 
The Life of Galileo
by Bertolt Brecht, Germany
Play
1944
 
No Exit
by Jean-Paul Sartre, France
Play
1945
 
The Caucasian Chalk Circle
by Bertolt Brecht, Germany
Play
 
 
The Glass Menagerie
by Tennessee Williams, United States
Play
1946
 
The Iceman Cometh
by Eugene O'Neill, United States
Play
1947
 
A Streetcar Named Desire
by Tennessee Williams, United States
Play
1949
 
Death of a Salesman
by Arthur Miller, United States
Play
1950
 
The Bald Soprano
by Eugene Ionesco, France
Play
1952
 
The Mousetrap
by Agatha Christie, England
Play
 
 
The Deep Blue Sea
by Terence Rattigan, Engl;and
Play
 
 
The Chairs
by Eugene Ionesco, France
Play
 
 
Waiting for Godot
by Samuel Beckett, Ireland
Play
1954
 
Twelve Angry Men
by Reginald Rose, United States
Play
1956
 
Look Back in Anger
by John Osborne, England
Play
 
 
The Visit
by Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Switzer.
Play
 
 
Long Day's Journey into Night
by Eugene O'Neill, United States
Play
 
 
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
by Tennessee Williams, United States
Play
1957
 
The Entertainer
by John Osborne, England
Play
 
 
The Birthday Party
by Harold Pinter, England
Play
 
 
Endgame
by Samuel Beckett, Ireland
Play
1958
 
The Caretaker
by Harold Pinter, England
Play
 
 
The Zoo Story
by Edward Albee, United States
Play
1959
 
Serjeant Musgrave's Dance
by John Arden, England
Play
 
 
A Raisin in the Sun
by Lorraine Hansberry, United States
Play
1960
 
A Man for All Seasons
by Robert Bolt, England
Play
1962
 
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
by Edward Albee, United States
Play
1963
 
The Garden Party
by Vaclav Havel, Czech.
Play
 
 
The Crucible
by Arthur Miller, United States
Play
1964
 
The Piano Lesson
by August Wilson, United States
Play
1965
 
The Homecoming
by Harold Pinter, England
Play
1966
 
The Fate of a Cockroach
by Tawfiq Al-Hakim, Egypt
Play
 
 
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
by Tom Stoppard, England
Play
1968
 
The Lion in Winter
by James Goldman, United States
Play
1969
 
What the Butler Saw
by Joe Orton, England
Play
1970
 
The Accidental Death of an Anarchist
by Dario Fo, Italy
Play
1973
 
Equus
by Peter Shaffer, England
Play
1975
 
Death and the King's Horseman
by Woled Soyinka, Nigeria
Play
1978
 
Betrayal
by Harold Pinter, England
Play
1977
 
The Elephant Man
by Bernard Pomerance, United States
Play
 
 
Fefu and Her Friends
by María Irene Fornés, United States
Play
1978
 
Fifth of July
by Lanford Wilson, United States
Play
1979
 
Cloud 9
by Caryl Churchill, England
Play
 
 
Amadeus
by Peter Shaffer, England
Play
1982
 
Top Girls
by Caryl Churchill, England
Play
 
 
Noises Off
by Michael Frayn, England
Play
 
 
The Real Thing
by Tom Stoppard, England
Play
 
 
"Master Harold"...and the Boys
by Athol Fugard, S. Africa
Play
1984
 
Glengarry Glen Ross
by David Mamet, United States
Play
1985
 
Fences
by August Wilson, United States
Play
1988
 
M. Butterfly
by David Henry Hwang, United States
Play
1990
 
Dancing at Lughnasa
by Brian Friel, England
Play
1992
 
Angels in America
by Tony Kushner, United States
Play
1993
 
Arcadia
by Tom Stoppard, England
Play
1998
 
Copenhagen
by Michael Frayn, England
Play
2000
 
Proof
by David Auburn, United States
Play
2001
 
Topdog/Underdog
by Suzan-Lori Parks, United States
Play
2004
 
The History Boys
by Alan Bennett, England
Play
 
 
Stuff Happens
by David Hare, England
Play
2007
 
Dara Shikoh
by Danish Iqbal, India
Play
2009
 
Jerusalem
by Jez Butterworth, England
Play
2011
 
Water by the Spoonful
by Quiara Alegría Hudes, United States
Play
2015
 
John
by Annie Bsker, United States
Play
 
 
The Humans
by Stephen Karam, United States
Play

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