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The 111 Greatest Works of Canadian Literature

This selection of literature from Canada is based on the continuing research carried out for The Greatest Literature of All Time list, as well as additional views of Canadian readers, writers, critics and scholars.

It encompasses the greatest works of Canadian authors in all literary forms, genres, cultures and periods.

This list focuses on major creative works—such as novels, novellas, plays and collections—although some short or nonfiction writing of literary significance may also be considered.

Latest update: September 16, 2024

1832
 
Wacousta
by John Richardson, Canada
Novel
1836
 
The Clockmaker, or the Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slicksville
by Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Canada
Novel
 
 
The Backwoods of Canada
by Catherine Parr Traill, Canada, letters
1852
 
Roughing It in the Bush
by Susanna Moodie, Canada
Memoir
1893
 
Low Tide on Grand Pré
by Bliss Carmen, Canada
Poetry collection includes Low Tide on Grand Pré, Windflower, A Sea Child, The Eavesdropper, and others.
1895
 
Lyrics of Earth
by Archibald Lampman, Canada
Poetry collection
1902
 
The Kindred of the Wild
by Charles G.D. Roberts, Canada
Story collection includes The Haunters of the Silences, Red Fox2, The Watchers of the Trails, The Kindred of the Wild, and others.
1904
 
The Imperialist
by Sarah Jeannette Duncan, Canada
Novel
1908
 
Anne of Green Gables
by L.M. Montgomery, Canada
Novel
1912
missing graphic
Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town
by Stephen Leacock, Canada
Story collection

Stephen Leacock gets compared to Mark Twain all the time, which means people like me have to keep pointing out how different he is. We have to keep pointing to Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town and showing.... CritiqueQuotesTextAt the moviesBuy

1914
missing graphic
Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich
by Stephen Leacock, Canada
Story collection

Stephen Leacock's Arcadian Adventures With the Idle Rich hardly ever gets discussed without being compared to Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town. The two are seen as companion pieces, Sunshine Sketches being.... CritiqueQuotesTextBuy

1925
 
Settlers of the Marsh
by Frederick Philip Grove, Canada
Novel
1928
missing graphic
Strange Fugitive
by Morley Callaghan, Canada
Novel

Strange Fugitive is a strange novel for Morley Callaghan. It was his first and, judging by it at the time, you might have predicted Callaghan would become another James M. Cain (The Postman Always Rings Twice, Mildred Pierce).... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1934
missing graphic
Such Is My Beloved
by Morley Callaghan, Canada
Novel

Such Is My Beloved is the first of three similarly themed novels Morley Callaghan wrote during the 1930s, the other two being They Shall Inherit the Earth and More Joy in Heaven. And unusual novels they are for that era.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1937
 
More Joy in Heaven
by Morley Callaghan, Canada
Novel
1941
 
As For Me and My House
by Sinclair Ross, Canada
Novel
1944
 
Earth and High Heaven
by Gwethalyn Graham, Canada
Novel
1945
 
Two Solitudes
by Hugh MacLennan, Canada
Novel
 
 
The Tin Flute
by Gabrielle Roy, Canada
Novel
 
 
By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept
by Elizabeth Smart, Canada
Novel
1947
 
Who Has Seen the Wind?
by W.O. Mitchell, Canada
Novel
1950
missing graphic
Cabbagetown
by Hugh Garner, Canada
Novel

Arguably the greatest Canadian novel at the time of its re-publication in 1968 in its restored form, Cabbagetown has since been read all over the world (though its popularity does seem to have fallen off recently.). And it.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1954
 
Swamp Angel
by Ethel Wilson, Canada
Novel
195
 
The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearh
by Brian Moore, Canada
Novel
1956
missing graphic
Let Us Compare Mythologies
by Leonard Cohen, Canada
Poetry collection

Some writers mythologize, raising everyday life to levels of cosmic significance, finding awful natural cycles in happenstance, wisdom in emotional upheaval. Others de-mythologize, undercutting pretension, revealing.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1959
missing graphic
Morley Callaghan's Stories
by Morley Callaghan, Canada
Story collection includes "All the Years of Her Life", "A Sick Call", "Now That April's Here", "Ancient Lineage", "Two Fishermen", and others.

A funny thing happened when I read Morley Callaghan's Stories recently. It was my second or third reading for most of these stories, and I saw this time how very old-fashioned they were. But that's not what.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

 
 
The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz
by Mordecai Richler, Canada
Novel
 
 
The Double Hook
by Sheila Watson, Canada
Novel
1963
missing graphic
Hugh Garner's Best Stories
by Hugh Garner, Canada
Story collection includes "The Conversion of Willie Heaps", "The Yellow Sweater", "The Magnet", "One-Two-Three Little Indians", and others.
CritiqueQuotesBuy
1964
missing graphic
The Stone Angel
Novel

Several times during readings of The Stone Angel I have been so impressed by Margaret Laurence's complete commitment to the character, the elderly Hagar Shipley who relives her entire life in memory while on the lam.... CritiqueQuotesAt the moviesBuy

1965
 
Next Episode
by Hubert Aquin, Canada
Novel
 
 
A Season in the Life of Emmanuel
by Marie-Claire Blais, Canada
Novel
1966
missing graphic
Beautiful Losers
by Leonard Cohen, Canada
Novel

I can see how this novel's liberal use of crude, four-letter words—presented not with shocking effect but as mundane, even romantic, language—might have appealed in the striving-to-be-liberated 1960s and 1970s. But.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

 
 
A Jest of God
Novel
 
 
St. Urbain's Horseman
by Mordecai Richler, Canada
Novel
1968
missing graphic
Les Belles-Soeurs
by Michel Tremblay, Canada
Play

How does Les Belles-Soeurs maintain its international popularity as a progressive play several decades after first hitting Quebec theatre? In 1968, Michel Tremblay's drama was recognized as game-changing.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

1969
 
Selected Poems
by Irving Layton, Canada
Poetry collection
1970
 
Fifth Business
by Robertson Davies, Canada
Novel
 
 
Kamouraska
by Anne Hébert, Canada
Novel
1971
missing graphic
Power Politics
by Margaret Atwood, Canada
Poetry collection

Photos of Margaret Atwood on covers of her old poetry books tend to give her a certain poetic look: intensely introspective, almost cross-eyed with sincerity, possibly crazed but intelligently so, a sixties-era Sylvia Plath.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

 
 
Lives of Girls and Women
by Alice Munro, Canada
Story collection
1972
 
Surfacing
by Margaret Atwood, Canada
Novel
 
 
Selected Poems
by Al Purdy, Canada
Poetry collection
1974
missing graphic
The Diviners
Novel

Write what you know, they tell beginning writers. And even veteran, successful authors tend to stick to this guideline. Which is why we get so many novels about people trying to write novels. It's also one of the reasons so.... CritiqueQuotesAt the moviesBuy

1976
 
Bear
by Marian Engel, Canada
Novel
1977
 
The Wars
by Timothy Findley, Canada
Novel
 
 
The Beggar Maid
by Alice Munro, Canada
Story collection
 
 
Stardance
by Spider and Jeanne Robinson, Canada
Novel

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1981
 
Obasan
by Joy Kogawa, Canada
Novel
1984
 
Neuromancer
by William Gibson, Canada
Novel
 
 
Sanaaq
by Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk, Canada
Novel
1984–1986
 
The Fionavar Tapestry
by Guy Gavriel Kay, Canada
Novel series
1985
missing graphic
The Handmaid's Tale
by Margaret Atwood, Canada
Novel

If you're well-versed in science fiction—or speculative fiction as it's often called—and you approach The Handmaid's Tale as an example of that genre, you may be disappointed. The world of Margaret.... CritiqueQuotesAt the moviesBuy

 
 
Black Robe
by Brian Moore, Canada
Novel
1987
 
In the Skin of a Lion
by Michael Ondaatje, Canada
Novel
 
 
The Stone Diaries
by Carol Shields, Canada
Novel
1988
 
Cat's Eye
by Margaret Atwood, Canada
Novel
 
 
The First Garden
by Anne Hebert, Canada
Novel
1989
 
Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing
by Tomson Highway, Canada
Play
1990
 
Tigana
by Guy Gavriel Kay, Canada
Novel
1991
 
Generation X
by Douglas Coupland, Canada
Novel
1992
 
The English Patient
by Michael Ondaatje, Canada
Novel
1993
 
The Robber Bride
by Margaret Atwood, Canada
Novel
 
 
Stranger Music: Selected Poems and Songs
by Leonard Cohen, Canada
Poetry collection
 
 
Green Grass, Running Water
by Thomas King, Canada
Novel
 
 
The Book of Secrets
by M.G. Vassanji, Canada
Novel
1995
 
The Jade Peony
by Wayson Choy, Canada
Novel
 
 
A Fine Balance
by Rohan Mistry, Canada
Novel
1996
 
The Cure for Death by Lightning
by Gail Anderson-Dargatz, Canada
Novel
 
missing graphic
Alias Grace
by Margaret Atwood, Canada
Novel

Alias Grace may be Margaret Atwood's best novel. It may not be her most popular (guessing that's The Handmaid's Tale). Nor her most complex or elaborate (probably The Blind Assassin). Nor her most impressive.... CritiqueQuotesAt the moviesBuy

 
 
Selected Stories
by Mavis Gallant, Canada
Story collection includes The Moslem Wife, In Youth Is Pleasure, The Chosen Husband, In Plain Sight, and others
 
 
Fall on Your Knees
by Ann-Marie MacDonald, Canada
Novel
 
 
Fugitive Pieces
by Anne Michaels, Canada
Novel
1998
 
Brown Girl in the Ring
by Nalo Hopkinson, Canada
Novel
 1998
 
The Colony of Unrequited Dreams
by Wayne Johnston, Canada
Novel
1999
 
No Great Mischief
by Alistair Macleod, Canada
Novel
 
 
Barney's Version
by Mordecai Richler, Canada
Novel
2000
missing graphic
The Blind Assassin
by Margaret Atwood, Canada
Novel

Let's see. Margaret Atwood writes her prize-winning novel The Blind Assassin about an elderly woman writing her memoirs about her sisters, one of whom has written a novel called The Blind Assassin, which recounts her trysts.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

 
 
Anil's Ghost
by Michael Ondaatje, Canada
Novel
 
 
Mercy Among the Children
by David Adams Richards, Canada
Novel
 
 
Monkey Beach
by Eden Robinson, Canada
Novel
2001
 
The Beauty of the Husband
by Anne Carson, Canada
Poetry collection
 
 
Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage
by Alice Munro, Canada
Story collection, also known as Away from Her, includes "Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage"; "The Bear Came Over the Mountain"; and others.
 
missing graphic
Clara Callan
Novel

What is it with Canadian writers and their fixation on solitary women? Off the top of my head I can list nearly a dozen novels that explore the private lives of unmarried, widowed, or divorced females struggling through what.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

2002
 
The Polished Hoe
by Austin Clarke, Canada
Novel
 
 
Life of Pi
by Yann Martel, Canada
Novel
 
 
Unless
by Carol Shields, Canada
Novel
2003
 
Oryx and Crake
by Margaret Atwood, Canada
Novel
2004
 
Runaway
by Alice Munro, Canada
Story collection
 
 
A Complicated Kindness
by Miriam Toews, Canada
Novel
2005
 
The Time In Between
by David Bergen, Canada
Novel
 
missing graphic
Three Day Road
by Joseph Boyden, Canada
Novel

Joseph Boyden's debut novel, Three Day Road, was a revelation for many when it was published to acclaim in 2005. It was a revelation in the first place, of course, for depicting in such exacting and grisly detail the story.... CritiqueQuotesBuy

 
 
Still Life
by Louise Penny, Canada
Novel
 
 
Spin
by Robert Charles Wilson, Canada
Novel
2006
 
Bloodletting and Miraculous Cures
by Vincent Lam, Canada
Story collection
2007
 
Late Nights on Air
by Elizabeth Hay, Canada
Novel
 
 
The Book of Negroes
by Lawrence Hill, Canada
Novel, also known as Someone Knows My Name
2009
 
The Bishop's Man
by Linden MacIntyre, Canada
Novel
 
 
February
by Lisa Moore, Canada
Novel
 
 
Ru
by Kim Thúy, Canada
Novel
2010
 
Room
by Emma Donoghue, Canada
Novel
 
 
Annabel
by Kathleen Winter, Canada
Novel
2011
 
The Sisters Brothers
by Patrick deWitt, Canada
Novel
 
 
Half-Blood Blues
by Esi Edugyan, Canada
Novel
 
 
The Cat's Table
by Michael Ondaatje, Canada
Novel
 
 
Among Others
by Jo Walton, Wales / Canada
Novel
2012
 
Indian Horse
by Richard Wagamese, Canada
Novel
2013
 
The Orenda
by Joseph Boyden, Canada
Novel
 
 
Bone and Bread
by Saleema Nawaz, Canada
Novel
2017
 
Bellevue Square
by Michael Redhill, Canada
Novel
2019
 
This Is How You Lose the Time War
by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone, Canada and United States
Novella

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