1972 Peking editionFirst lines
Nu-wa woke with a start.
"Mending Heaven"
It is a fact that intelligent beasts can divine the wishes of men.
"The Flight to the Moon"
Great lines
"We have quite a good report here from the scholars, which affirms that culture is the life blood of a nation, and scholars the soul of culture."
"Curbing the Flood"
"His Majesty had only one head. Which is his?"
"Forging the Swords"
Old Tales Retold
CRITIQUE
Facetious fantasy
I could have picked either of the two other major story collections published during Lu Hsun's life—Call to Arms or Wandering—to spotlight here. They're all great. But I've already discussed in another commentary the most important piece in those two volumes, The True Story of Ah Q.
Lu Hsun's final collection, Old Tales Retold, gives us something very different, if not new, to consider. As indicated by the title, this is a volume of old Chinese fables that have been rewritten from a new perspective—namely the perspective of a twentieth-century revolutionary who considers the ancient morality tales to be outdated and destructive for a modern audience.
In the Preface (Lu Hsun's prefaces are always highlights of his books), the author says it took him him thirteen years to recast these eight stories to his satisfaction. He admits he did not always follow the old storylines and often gave free rein to his imagination. "And having less respect for the ancients than for my contemporaries," he says, "I have not always been able to avoid facetiousness."
Unfortunately the facetiousness—or satire, to use a nicer word—is difficult to pick up if one does not know the original stories that are being revamped. Still some of the tales are a hoot. For instance, my favourite "Forging the Swords" begins with a realistic enough scene of a boy confronting one of the rats that keeps him awake at night, but moves on through increasingly fabulous events as the boy is sent by his mother to avenge his father's death by assassinating the king with a specially forged sword, to climax in a bizarre fight of three bodiless heads in a boiling cauldron. I'm not sure of the political import of the tale but it sure does make a mockery of fairy tales that glorify monarchies.
"The Flight to the Moon" is apparently a take-off on ancient legends of an heroic archer and his wife who drank an immortality potion and flew to the moon to become a goddess there. In Lu Hsun's version Yi is failing to find prey to satisfy his wife's appetite, engages in battle with a former student (with a trick conclusion) and tries to shoot the moon down after his wife disappears.
"Resurrecting the Dead" is written in the form of a drama. It makes great fun of the Taoist philosopher Chuang Tzu who is famous for having once dreamed he was a butterfly but, upon waking, no longer knew if he was a butterfly dreaming he was a man or a man who had dreamed he was a butterfly. He also wrote about the equivalence of life and death, right and wrong, and other opposites, the realization of which supposedly leads a thinker to disdain all judgment. In Lu Hsun's story, Chuang Tzu summons unearthly powers to bring back to life a man who has been dead five centuries and who promptly calls a policeman to charge Chuang Tzu with robbing him.
These and the other stories in Old Tales Retold take som getting used to, especially for their uneasy mix of social realism an fantasy. But if you take the time to familiarize yourself with Lu Hsun's world (you can start with Internet research), you may find them fresh, clever and quite entertaining.
— Eric McMillan
CRITIQUE
